Harriet Tubman Essay Outline - 911 Words

Edge, 2 Harriet Tubman The Underground Railroad was a secret system of individuals who assisted fugitive slaves in their quest for freedom prior to the Civil War. The term, used between 1830-1860, refers to the swift, â€Å"invisible† way in which the slaves escaped. Usually they hid during the day and moved at night. Coffin says: â€Å"fugitive slaves relied heavily on fellow slaves and free blacks, who rarely betray them.† (Coffin, 2006). The most famous black leader in the movement was Harriet Tubman, a nonliterate runaway slave who became the â€Å"Moses† of her people. Bay Back Books stated: â€Å"Harriet Tubman had been a liberator, a woman who stood up to slave power, and a warrior whose actions spoke louder than words†. Clinton says that her†¦show more content†¦She had a closely knit band, included several men and women and they became an official scouting service for the Department of the South. Their confidence led to the Combahee River in J une of 1862, a military operation that marked a turning point in Tubmans career. Ceinton said â€Å"All of her attacks upon the Confederacy Had been purposefully clandestine. She didn’t remain anonymous with her prominent role in that military operation† The raid up the Combahee River was a twisting waterway approximately 10 miles north of Beaufort where Tubman and her comrades were stationed. They were commenced when the Federal gunboats Harriet A. Weed and John Adams made their way into the river shortly before midnight of June 2nd, 1863. Tubman accompanied 150 African-American troops from the second South Carolina Infantry and their white officers aboard John Adams, the black soldiers were particularly relieved that their lives had been entrusted, not only to Colonel Montgomery, but also to the famed â€Å"Moses†. Meanwhile, a company of the second South Carolina Capitan Carver landed and deployed at Tar Bluff, 2 miles north of Fields Point. Civil War Times s aid he 2 ships steamed upriver to the Nichols Plantation, where Harriet A. Weed anchored. She also guided the boats and men to designated shoreline points where fugitive slaves were hiding out. Once â€Å"all clear† wasShow MoreRelatedHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1097 Words   |  5 Pages liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other.† (Background Essay) Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross in 1822 in Dorchester, Maryland. She was born a slave and would be, until she ran away in 1849. After she ran away she did many great deeds, but how do you define greatness. Based off the length of time, risk, and number of people helped, there is a clear outline for greatness. Harriet Tubman had many great achievements throughout her life. She was a spy, a nurse, and a caregiver

Analysis Of The Song Atlantis By Bridgit Mendler And...

Deep in Atlantis Poetry, to many, is too confusing to waste time on. Given how detailed and complex many pieces can be, it is understable as to why people think this way. Poetry requires thought and analysis, depth and rhythm, emotion and intrigue. In order to fully grasp a poem, one must analyze its meaning first. However, we live in a world surrounded by poetry, even in places we do not acknowledge. Books can be poetry. Advertisements can be poetry. Songs can be poetry. Poetry is all around if you choose to look hard enough. Then that poses the question, what exactly is poetry? How can something that isn’t seen as a poem be considered poetic? The song Atlantis, written and performed by Bridgit Mendler and Kaiydo, can be considered as such for a variety of reasons; including it’s ambiguous tone, rhythmic speech, and it’s desire to be interpreted. In a sense, poetry is language condensed. Short sentences with great meaning that needs to be unpacked and unfolded in order to see what a phrase truly means. In music, both lyrically and cinematically, actions and words can have a deeper meaning than they initially carry and what can be assumed from a first glance over. Poetry makes people think. It isn’t as simple as its surface level may seem. In poetry everything has a meaning. The author placed a line there for a reason; it brings something to the story. Poetry, also, is not limited to just one interpretation. It can be interpreted and analyzed on a plethera of different

What Is History Example For Students

What Is History? 1.Ano ang Kasaysayan? Ang kasaysayan ay mga nakatakdang pangyayari na naganap sa nakaraan tungkol sa isang tao, institusyon o lugar. Ang kasaysayan ay nagsisilbing paalala at tulong sa atin upang maging mabuting mamamayan. Makatutulong din sa bawat Pilipino na maging mabuting bahagi ng kasaysayan ng bansa. 2. Sino ang mga unang historyador? Herodotus, kilalang ama ng kasaysayan. Masasabi rin na siya ang nagpasimuno ng sistematikong paraan ng pagsusulat ng kasaysayan. Ang paraan niya ay ang pangangalap ng materyales at tingnan kung tugma ang mga ito bilang naratibo. Kahit hindi laging tumpak ang kanyang gawa, sinasabi lamang niya na isinusulat lamang niya ang ano ang kanyang natagpuan. Thucydides, historyador na nagsulat ng libro ukol sa laban ng Sparta at Athens. Di tulad ni Herodotus, siya ay sumangguni sa mga nakasulat na dokumento at nagpanayam ng mga katauhan ng pangyayari. Siya rin ang nagsimula ng scientific approach sa pagtatala ng kasaysayan. 3. Paano pinag-aaralan ang kasaysayan? Noong simula, ang paraan ni Herodotus ay ang pangangalap ng mga records at pagsama-samahin ito para makabuo ng tala ng kasaysayan. Si Thucydides naman ay nagsasagawa ng mga panayam sa mga taong may kinalaman sa pangyayari. Ngayon, para pag-aralan ang kasaysayan, ang historyador ay naghahanap ng ebidensya ukol sa history, pag-aaralan and ebidensya na ito, unawain ang epekto ng ebidensya na ito sa kasaysayan ng pinag-aaralan. 4. Kailan naging disiplina ang kasaysayan? Noong panahon nila Herodotus, historyador and tawag sa kanila dahil ang pagsulat ng kasaysayan ang kanilang ginagawa. Masasabing disiplina ito noong panahan pa na iyon dahil sa pagkaroon ng sistemang paraan ng pag-aral dito. 5. Saan umusbong ang kasaysayan? Sa Greece ito umusbong dahil kay Herodotus, ang ama ng kasaysayan. 6. Anu-ano ang mga unang paksa sa kasysayan? Mga digmaan ang pinagusapan ng unang mga historyador tulad ni Herodotus at Thucydides. 7. Anu-ano ang mga larangang kaugnay sa kasaysayan? Anthropology, Philosophy, Economics, Geography, Religion, Art, Literature, Political theory, Military history, Cultural history B. COMPREHENSION 2.1. Bakit nila naisipan pag-aralan ang kasaysayan? Unang-una, ito ay tumutulong sa atin para mas maunawaan at maintindihan ang mga iba’t ibang lipunan at mga klase ng tao. Nagbibigay rin ito sa atin ng â€Å"factual† na informasyon kung paano tayo naging isang lipunan, at naibabase rin dito ang kaalaman na kailangan natin para kung nais rin natin subukan hulaan ang ating kinabukasan. Ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ay nagsisilbi ring isang libangan para sa mga ibang tao na mahilig makinig ng iba’t ibang isorya ng paglalakbay at â€Å"development† ng o sa lipunan. Nagbibigay rin ito ng identidad at moral na pang-unawa sa mga pangyayari sa buhay ng tao, nagiging kagamitan rin ito para sa pag sasaliksik at paglilikha ng mga moral o ‘di-moral na desisyon. 2.2. Paano sila naging kapani-paniwala? Naging kapani-paniwala ang mga historyador dahil sa kanilang papel at mga istoria na naiintindihan at pinaniniwalaan ng mga masa. Dahil ang masa nga lang naman ang pwede talaga manghusga kung may katotoohan ba talaga o wala, yong sinusulat o kinikwento ng isang historyador. Dagdag pa rito, nangalap ng mga ebidensya ang mga historyador at sumangguni sa iba’t ibang tao upang maitala lamang ang mga nangyari sa nakalipas. Mas nagkaroon ng katotohanan ang kanilang mga tala dahil sa mga sangguniang ito. 4.1. Bakit naging displina ang kasaysayan? Dahil ang simple at walang istraktura na pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ay hindi sapat kumpara sa mga madami nitong mabuti na naidudulot at sa dami ng tao na mahilig mag-aral ng kasaysayan. Napakadami nitong gamit—hindi sapat ang simple, walang direksyon na pag-aaral lamang, at sa sobrang lawak ng kasaysayan, kinakailangan ng mahusay na pag-aaral kung paano sumulat ng kasaysayan. Halimbawa hindi makakapagbigay ng desisyon ang isang presidente hanggang hindi n’ya ito tinitignan, kung ano ang mga naidudulot nito. 4.2. Paano ang isang paksa ay nagiging bahagi ng kasaysayan? Ano ang mga pagbabago sa pananaw ng kasaysayan noong nagging disiplina ito? Ano ang epekto ng pagiginga disiplina ng kasaysayan? Sa buong mundo, ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ay isang importanteng elemento sa pagkuha ng edukasyong liberal arts. Ang kaalaman sa kasaysayan ay kailangan upang maintindihan natin ang mga satili natin at kung saan tayo nababagay sa mundo. Bilang disiplina, ang kasaysayan ang pag-aaral sa nakaraan. Mga historyador ay siyang mismo nag-aaral at nag-iinterpret sa mga nangyari sa nakaraan. Upang gawin ito dapat nilang makahanap ng ebidensya tungkol sa nakaraan at beripikahin ang impormasyong nakalap at hanapin ang tamang eksplenasyon na maari maging sagot sa tanong na nanggaling sa mga ebidensya. Ang impormasyon na ito ay maaring tungkol sa mga tao, pangyayari, lugar at mga iba’t ibang kapanahunan at mahirap kalapin at pag-aaralin ang mga ito. Dahil dito, napag-isipan ng mga historyador na gumawa ng iba’t ibang espesiyalidad na nag-coconcetrate lamang sa isang paksa ng kasaysayan sa loob ng disiplina nito. Naging mas malawak at mas kontrolado ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan. Ito ay nagbigay ng parang guideline o gabay upang makakamit ng mas kapani-paniwala at mas intelektwal na tala ng mga nangyari sa nakaraan. Maaring pag-aaralin ng mga historyador ang mga grupo ng tao (katulad ng mga Asyano o ang mga babae sa E uropa), pwede rin silang magsaliksik sa mga pangyayari noon (katulad ng 2010 eleksyon, o ang ikalawang pandaigdigang digmaan), pwede rin ang isang lugar (katulad ng Mactan Island o mga territorya ng Roman Empire noon) O pwede rin ang paghahalo ng iba’t ibang paksa upang makabuo ng pananaliksik na mas comprehensibo at mas may impormasyon (katulad ng Medieval History o ung Kasayasayan ng Pilipinas). Nasa baba ang listahan ng itinuturing pinag-aaralang paksa ng kasaysayan sa loob ng saklaw ng AghamPanlipunan kung saan dito nagiging disiplina ang kasaysayan. 1. Antropolohiya tumatalakay sa sangkatauhan at ang mga pinanggalingan nito 2. Agham Pampulitika tumatalakay sa pagtakbo ng pamahalaan at ang mga batas na sinusunod ng tao. (ang pamahalaan noon hanggang ngayon) 3. Sikolohiya pag-aaral sa pag-iisip ng mga tao; mga ideolohiya ng mga sinaunang tao 4. Pilopsopiya pag-aaral sa pagtuklas ng katotohanan; mga pamantayang moral 5. Ekonomiks kung papaano tinugunan ng tao ang kanilang mga pangangailangan; kung paano nagsimula ang kalakalan; ang pagkakaroon ng pera bilang midyum ng pagpapalitan 6. Teolohiya mga pag-aaral ng relihiyon; mga relihiyon na pinagbabatayan ng mga batas 7. Sosyolohiya pag-aaral sa kapaligiran ng tao (lipunan); kung paano namuhay ang mga tao sa isang tiyak na lugar 8. Heograpiya tumutukoy sa teritoryo; ang pisikal na kaanyuan ng isang lugar Maliban sa pag-control at paglawak ng saklaw ng pag-aaral tungkol sa kasaysayan, ang mga historyador din ay nakagawa ng iba’t ibang paraan upang masagot ang mga tanong ng nakaraan. Halimbawa, pwede nilang tignan ang mga diskurso tungkol sa cultural at relihiyosong relasyon ng mga kasaysayan ng mga tao na pinag-aaralan nila. O kaya ang pang-economic at pampolitikang kasaysayan ng isang bansa, pwede rin ung tala tungkol sa pag-aaral ng paligiran ng isang lugar sa kapanahunan ng modernisasyon. Dahil, iba iba ang mga paraan ng mga historyador upang manaliksik at magsulat ng kasaysayan at dahil nagbibigay ng iba’t ibang perspektibo at iba’t ibang tanong ang indibidwal na historyador, masasabi natin na ang interpretasyong historical ay palaging nagbabago at nag-iiba para sa ikabubuti nito. Ang kasaysayan ngayon ay maituturing na ngayon na â€Å"dynamic† at â€Å"evolving†. Ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ay hindi na tungkol sa mga â€Å"facts† at mga petsa, ang pag-aaral nito ay tungkol na sa pag-intindi sa kung paano basahin at i-interpret ang nakaraan. Dahil ang pagbigay ng atensyon tungkol dito ay siyang importanteng part ng pag-unlad ng buhay ng ating lipunan sa mga susunod na henerasyon. References: http://www.katig.com/english-D.html http://www.historians.org/pubs/Free/WhyStudyHistory.htm http://www.maybenow.com/Ano-ang-kasaysayan-at-kahalagahan-nito-q14094881 http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/diamond/diamond_p2.html Meningitis : What Is The History Of The Disease, Where Was It First Discovered?1. Be observant. There are a lot of things going on in the surroundings, and some of them might have really big impacts on current issues and stances. 2. Try keeping a record of important events. These events should be significant to the historian or to the society he’s moving in. One can try making portfolios of cutout newspaper articles, or writing reactions and essays about those articles. Or even pictures can be collected in albums so that one can re-view them in the future. 3. Write about debates and take a stand. When immersed in a serious debate, one must rely on actual data published, written, or oral. Historians can never reason out with pure hypothesis only. When one writes about debates, he employs his mind to think critically and find deeper meanings of the various arguments presented. 4. Be detached from what you will write. Nothing can affect history greater but personal biases. As much as possible, reason out from clear, concise logical steps rather than just judging through emotions. Reference http://cliopolitical.blogspot.com/2005/08/introduction-to-historical-method_26.html M,Hughes-Warrington. How Good An Historian Shall I Be. Imprint Academic, 2003. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/history/21h-931-seminar-in-historical-methods-spring-2004/index.htm F. EVALUATION 1. Tama bang ituring na disiplina ang kasaysayan? Dapat nga ituring na disiplina ang kasaysayan. Mayroong ibat ibang dahilan para suportahan ang pagiging disiplina ng kasaysayan. Isang dahilan ay para maintindihan natin kung pano nag-iisip ang mga tao. Hindi lahat ng mga nangyayari sa kasalukuyan ay magbibigay ng malalim na pagkakaintindi kung paano kumikilos ang mga tao. Kailangan din pag-aralan ang mga nangyari nung nakaraang panahon para mabigyan tayo ng mas mabuting tingin sa pamumuhay ng mga tao noon at ikumpara ito sa pamumuhay ngayon. Makikita dito kung ano ang mga nangyari noon para umabot ang mga tao sa kinaroroonan nila ngayon. Isa pang dahilan ay para magbigay ng identidad sa ibat ibang lahi sa buong mundo. Pag-aaralan ang mga nakaraan ng bawat pamilya para malaman kung may mga mahahalagang nagawa ang mga ninuno at kung makakagawa ng bagong identidad batay sa mga natutunan. 2. Makabubuti ba ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan sa mga tao? Totoong makabubuti ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan sa mga tao. Isa katwiran nito ay ang pagiging mas mabuting tao dahil sa kasaysayan. Kung pinapag-aralan ang kasaysayan ng sariling bansa, mas mabibigyan ng pagpapahalaga ang kultura ng bansa. Hindi lang sa pagiging nasyonalismo ang pagbabago na mararanasan ng mga tao. Pwede rin gumaling ang mga tao sa mga kakayahan nila tulad ng pagtatasa. Kaugnay din dito ay ang pagbibigay ng pagkakataon sa mga tao gamitin ang kanilang natutunan tungkol sa kasaysayan para makakuha ng trabaho. Isa pang katwiran nito ay ang pagtulong ng kasaysayan ng sariling bansa o ibang bansa sa paglutas ng mga problema ng bansa. Isang halimbawa nito ang EDSA Revolution. Ipinakita nung pangyayari na yun na kaya ng mga tao tumapos ng problema kahit walang giyera.

The description of Julias Essay Example

The description of Julias Paper Murder mysteries have been evolving for decades. The Adventure of The Speckled Band by Arthur Conan Doyle is one of the most fascinating mysteries. This came out in the late 19th century and has turned out to be one the famous mysteries of Sherlock Holmes. The Adventure of The Speckle Band fits into the literary tradition as it is a typical story. It has all the typical ingredients which include: a typical structure, typical characters, typical setting, tension and suspense and also follows the basic rules of a murder mysteries. The villain is usually close to the victim and the victim is usually a woman who is defenseless. On the historical content women have been typically known as the victims but now have a different role in todays society. They are not made out to be the victim but are detectives themselves. The story follows a typical structure of murder mysteries. Firstly, it follows the basic rules of murder mysteries, the first rule being the reader should be given equal opportunity with the detective for solving the mystery. This is shown by Watson giving us clues needed for solving the mystery. We will write a custom essay sample on The description of Julias specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The description of Julias specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The description of Julias specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Secondly, no tricks should be played on the reader. In this mystery the reader is given equal opportunity and no tricks are played. Thirdly, the detective himself should never turn out to be the culprit. This is proved by the villain being caught in the end. Another rule is that, the culprit should turn out to be someone who has played an important part in the mystery and with whom the reader is familiar with. This is proved by Dr. Roylott being the stepfather of Helen and Julia Stoner. Lastly, the motives for all crimes should be personal. Dr. Roylott needed to keep the money which had to be given to Julia upon her marriage and she was going to get married in a fortnight. This was a perfect opportunity for him. As well as that, this murder mystery has a whodunit structure, the it being the death of Julia Stoner and who being whoever caused her death. This engages the reader by all the questions running through their mind. Furthermore, The Speckle Band has an exposition, investigation, climax, and resolution format. Firstly, the exposition is when Helen reveals all the facts to Holmes and the mysterious circumstances of Julias death. In the revelation we learn about Dr. Roylotts past. This raises the readers interest straight away. The investigation takes place when Holmes and Watson go down to Stoke Moran to search for clues. This allows the reader to try and solve the case for themselves. The climax is when Holmes and Watson are playing a waiting game in Julias room. The mystery is then resolved with Holmes cracking the case and with the violent death of the murderer. The story has a typical setting as Stoke Moran Manor House is suitably gloomy, menacing, and unsafe. Some scaffolding has been erected against the end wall, and the stone work had been broken. This shows that the house is partially dilapidated and looks like it has a lot history. Also, Dr. Roylott keeps a cheetah and a baboon leaving Helen with no feeling of security unless the doors were locked from the inside. This shows that there is very little security at Stoke Moran Manor House. As well as that, there are gypsies on the grounds. This shows they too could be suspects as they have been lurking around the premises. Lastly the house has a sense of isolation Helen feels that she has no company which makes her feel lonely. Sherlock Holmes is a typical detective as he is a male private detective which is stereotypical. He is cleverer than the police force as he solves the case before anyone else and is described as Scotland Yard Jack in the Office. Also, Holmes is chivalrous towards Helen and he tries to save her from Dr. Roylott. This shows he is good at his job and caring and considerate towards Helen because he probably feels sorry for her.

German New Years Greetings Wishes

German New Year's Greetings Wishes The German expression,  Frohes neues Jahr  literally translates to Happy New Year. It is widely used in German-speaking countries, particularly in the northern and western states of Germany. Indeed, New Years Eve and New Years Day are big holidays in Germany, with events ranging from fireworks to Rummelpottlauf, where children (or adults) go from house to house singing silly songs and begging for sweets (or schnapps), to parties as well as special drinks and foods. But if you have family or friends in Germany or German-speaking countries to whom you want to send New Years greetings, you may find yourself struggling to find the right words. Sending such greetings can be challenging, especially if you want to get creative. Creative New Years Wishes You may find yourself writing a card or even an email to a German friend or family member with New Years wishes. But you likely want to avoid writing the same New Years well-wishes year after year. Try some of the following more poetic and creative ways of wishing a happy New Year to a friend or loved one. In order to make the English greetings flow, some of the translations are not literal. New Year's Wishes in German German Phrase English Translation Sonne, Mond und Sterne, alles liegt in weiter Ferne, doch das Gute das ist ganz nah – ein glà ¼ckliches und schà ¶nes neues Jahr! Sun, moon and stars, everything lies at a great distance. However, goodness is just ‘round the corner – have a happy and lovely New Year! Das alte Jahr ist jetzt bald futsch, drum wà ¼nsch ich dir einen guten Rutsch. Glà ¼ck soll uns das neue Jahr gestalten und wir bleiben hoffentlich die alten! The New Year will soon be gone, and so I wish you a good year. May luck the New Year us bring and we the same old pals still be. Es wackelt spt durch Nacht und Wind, ein Ferkelchen das lacht und singt. Es wà ¼nscht nur eines, das ist klar: Alles gute im neuen Jahr! Shaking through the darkness and the windis a piglet which laughs and sings. It is clear to see, it is wishing one sole thing: All the best may the New Year bring! Ich bin die kleine Silvestermaus, steh leider nicht vor deinem Haus. Drum schick ich dir aus weiter Ferne, eine Hand voll Zaubersterne. Alles Gute fà ¼r 2011! I am the little New Year’s mouse, who unfortunately can’t be in front of your house. That’s why I’m sending you from afar, a handful of magic stars. All the best for 2011! Heut’ an Silvester will ich dich grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸en – und Dir mit einem Kuss den Tag versà ¼ÃƒÅ¸en. Doch nicht nur heute denk ich an dich, das ganze Jahr bist Du der Sinn fà ¼r mich. Today on New Year’s, I want to greet you and sweeten your day with a kiss. But today is not the only day that I’ll be thinking of you - you are to me the whole reason for being the whole year through. Endlich ist das alte vorbei, das Neue kommt, ich bleib dabei. I wà ¼nsch dir ein frohes neues Jahr! Finally the old has passed, the new is coming and I’m standing by. Happy New Year! Am Himmel leuchten die Sterne so klar, ich wà ¼nsch dir ein frohes Fest und ein gutes neuesJahr! The stars in the sky shine so clear, I wish you a happy celebration and a happy New Year! Hab Dir bei der Zukunftsbank aufs Konto 2011, 365 Tage Liebe, Glà ¼ck und sà ¼sse Trume einbezahlt. Viel Spass beim Ausgeben und einen guten Rutsch ins neue Jahr! This is what I deposited in your 2011 bank account in the Bank of the Future: 365 days of love, luck and sweet dreams. Have fun doling them out and all the best for the New Year! Lebe! Liebe! Lache! Auf diese Weise mache Dein neues Jahr zu einem Fest, das Dich Dein Leben feiern lsst. Live, love and laugh! In this way, you make your new year a celebration of your life.

Free Essays on Origin Of Zero

Introduction Throughout the history of man's intellectual development and expansion of his understanding of the world around him, there has been a gradual unification of seemingly disjoint areas of knowledge: art and religion, biology and psychology, and so on. Mathematics and philosophy are two areas of knowledge that have also developed through such a symbiotic relationship; many historically renowned mathematicians, such as Rene Descartes, are also known for advancing their own philosophical ideas, such as Descarte's famous dictum, Cogito ergo sum. However, on the whole, it is not terribly common for a concept or idea in one field to spawn another idea or concept in another field, especially in the case of mathematics and philosophy, since one field is the basis for virtually all of man's scientific advancements, while the other is a cornerstone for virtually all of man's spiritual development. This is not to say that there are no such occurrences in these two areas. In fact, one of the most important developments in the entire history of mathematics had its roots in the teachings of one of the most influential religions in the world today. The invention of the number zero and the subsequent development of a written representation for the number zero, which is considered by many scholars to be among the most influential and important developments in mathematics, had its beginnings in the philosophies of various religious figures in the Indian civilization over two thousand years ago. It came from India... Although the identity of the actual inventors of the number zero is highly contested by scholars of today, most scholars agree that the number zero and the circular symbol which represents this number originated in India approximately during the ninth century. However, there is good reason to believe that the concept of the number zero, if not the symbol for zero, was already in common usage among Indian mathematicians at le... Free Essays on Origin Of Zero Free Essays on Origin Of Zero Introduction Throughout the history of man's intellectual development and expansion of his understanding of the world around him, there has been a gradual unification of seemingly disjoint areas of knowledge: art and religion, biology and psychology, and so on. Mathematics and philosophy are two areas of knowledge that have also developed through such a symbiotic relationship; many historically renowned mathematicians, such as Rene Descartes, are also known for advancing their own philosophical ideas, such as Descarte's famous dictum, Cogito ergo sum. However, on the whole, it is not terribly common for a concept or idea in one field to spawn another idea or concept in another field, especially in the case of mathematics and philosophy, since one field is the basis for virtually all of man's scientific advancements, while the other is a cornerstone for virtually all of man's spiritual development. This is not to say that there are no such occurrences in these two areas. In fact, one of the most important developments in the entire history of mathematics had its roots in the teachings of one of the most influential religions in the world today. The invention of the number zero and the subsequent development of a written representation for the number zero, which is considered by many scholars to be among the most influential and important developments in mathematics, had its beginnings in the philosophies of various religious figures in the Indian civilization over two thousand years ago. It came from India... Although the identity of the actual inventors of the number zero is highly contested by scholars of today, most scholars agree that the number zero and the circular symbol which represents this number originated in India approximately during the ninth century. However, there is good reason to believe that the concept of the number zero, if not the symbol for zero, was already in common usage among Indian mathematicians at le...

Hair ans Fiber Analysis Relating to Homicides Research Paper

Hair ans Fiber Analysis Relating to Homicides - Research Paper Example â€Å"Anthropology is the study of humans, their culture and their biology. Anthropology can be divided into the study of human biology and human culture† (Houck & Siegel 183). This includes the study of the past and present elements and features of a given social classification of people. Forensic anthropology therefore seeks to merge the concept of anthropology with forensic sciences which provides evidence based on the unique features of a given perpetrator of a murder. This means that forensic anthropology makes the use of social grouping and classification to match the features of a given suspect to provide the broad classification of the possible perpetrator of a given crime. Aside being used in courts, forensic anthropology may be of use in the investigation of human rights abuses like genocides and the examination of mass graves to attain further details of crimes (Haviland et al 10). Details of skeletal anatomy can help establish various social classifications of vict ims like age, sex, population affiliation and stature of deceased (Haviland et al 10). The differences between people can be attributed to several factors and situations. This is the main essence of anthropology. It seeks to study our differences based on our unique features and skeletal structures. Forensic anthropology therefore try to apply our differences based on dominant findings in relation to â€Å"... human evolution, paleopathology (study of bone diseases in antiquity), physiology and morpoplogical adaptatiosn to various environmental conditions and osteology (study of bone structures† (Brickley & Ferllini 5). These differences ultimately lays the foundation for the identification of differences amongst people. This provides the basis for the classification of victims and their murderers. This can therefore become the basis for the identification of these people in a competent court of judicature and the ultimate conviction of such perpetrators. However, the use of forensic anthropology in a court of law can come with difficulties. This is because there is the need for some standards to be observed in the usage of external evidence in a trial which can determine the future of a suspect. It is therefore necessary for some safeguards to be erected to prevent the misuse of anthropology in court cases and the broad generalizations of situations that could potentially cause the miscarriage of justice. This paper examines the use of hair and fiber analysis, a sub-unit of forensic anthropology as evidence in court. It examines the components of hair and fiber analysis in homicide cases and its appropriateness as evidence in court. It looks at the various cases where it has been used and its limitations in court cases. In arriving at this end, two major landmark cases will be examined: the OJ Simpson Trial (1994) and the Daubert Case (1993). Hair & Fiber Analysis in Homicide â€Å"Hair and fiber analysis are important to examine a victim and events t hat took place at the place of murder through to the place of dumping the body† (Houck 123). This implies that hair and fiber analysis can provide important components of a murderer in a case that can enable the identification of such a criminal to come much easier. Hair and fiber analysis provide a way through which the hair of the perpetrators of a murder which fell off at the scene of the crime

Ball Playing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ball Playing - Research Paper Example Girls usually played at home, in a room or in an inner courtyard. Therefore, they had to play rather calmly. Boys played ball sports as part of their physical education in the gymnasium. The most popular kind of ball was a soft, filled, small ball but also bouncing balls existed. In ancient Rome, several obscure references exist that suggest children and adults played a game with a ball around a circle. Furthermore, there are mentions of Romans playing a ball game in which there were â€Å"a circle of players standing by and waiting.† Greek children played a game in a circle in which they caught a ball that was thrown or bounced â€Å"into the sky†. This may or may not have been the same game called â€Å"Hop-ball† by the Romans. It may also be one of the ancient Egyptian games represented on the walls of Beni-Hasssan. (Crowther, 22) The Spartans played a game that involved a circular field surrounded by a moat, called Platanistas, but apparently without a ball. The Greek game of Phainindia may have been played around a circle (Crowther, 24). A version of â€Å"Monkey i n the Middle† was played around a circle, unlike the modern version played across two sides. Clearly the geometric perfection of the circle had some influence on playing fields of ancient games, whereas in modern games only rectangles are employed. The game called ourania, also known as sky-ball, by the Greeks was likely also played by the Romans. According to research, the ball was thrown up in the air and the objective was for the players to catch it. In addition, there would be a circle within which the players would stand. However, if the ball came down within the circle it seems impossible for anyone not to catch it. Conversely, if the ball was thrown far outside the circle it would seem impossible that anyone could catch it at all. A thrown ball seems most improbable. Latin term for propelling a ball, expulsim, could apply

Dance is a sport Essay Example for Free

Dance is a sport Essay I. Introduction: a) Attention Getter: What is the definition of a sport? A game played with a ball? Is it people in tight pants running around? How about â€Å"an athletic activity requiring skill or physical prowess and often of a competitive nature†? That sounds more like it. Football, baseball, and track fit those definitions, but so does another recreational activity that is not typically considered a sport: dance. b) Personal Statement: I myself am a dancer and have been dancing my whole life. Being a dancer, one of the worst things anyone can say is that dance is not a sport and I want to prove them wrong. Transition: Dance fits all those requirements. An athletic activity? Oh yeah! Requiring skill or physical prowess? Definitely! Often of a competitive nature? You bet! Dance is even recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee. Then why is this â€Å"fine art† not considered a sport? II. Dance is an athletic activity. a) The sport of dance takes years of training and hard work to perfect. Yes, I said sport. Although some believe that dancing is nothing more than tutus and twirling, it is a mentally engaging and physically demanding activity. b) Dance is actually quite similar to one of the most popular sports in the United States: football. In both activities, athletes are assigned specific jobs, roles, or positions. Each follows choreographed plays. Both types of athletes travel using certain steps or passes. Similar, right? III. Dance requires skill or physical prowess. a) One difference between dance and most sports is the way the athletes present themselves. During a tennis match, the players grunt and groan when hitting the ball to show everyone how hard they are working. However, dancers must always look graceful and light as a feather. The best dancers can make the most difficult moves look effortless. It takes lots of practice to perfect those moves and make them look easy. This is why dance is a mental sport as well. b) Dr. Jill McNitt-Gray, a professor in kinesiology (the scientific study of movement) at the University of Southern California, has worked with national champions and Olympic gold medalists. Through her work with professional ballroom dancers, she found that a dancer doing the jive can reach foot speeds of 15 miles an hour. In addition, a dancer can spin up to 180 times in a minute – four times faster than a record player! c) Balance is a vital part of dance. Dancers must have strong core muscles. Men need strong shoulders for lifts, since they must not only support their own body weight but also their partners. â€Å"Dancers are some of the toughest athletes in the world,† claims Dr. McNitt-Gray. IV. Dance is a competitive nature. a) Many ask, â€Å"How can dance be a sport? You cant judge on time and the scoring is subjective! † Just like figure skaters, competitive dancers are judged on many criteria: technique, posture, timing, line, hold, poise, togetherness, expression, presentation, power, and foot or leg action. Dancers have a lot on their minds while performing. They are constantly asking themselves, am I extending correctly? Is my technique right? Is my head facing the right direction? b) Some people think dance involves less endurance than sports like cross-country running. However, these runners exert forces in only one direction but, as Dr. McNitt-Gray said, in dance, your hands, legs, and head are exerting forces in different directions all at the same time. c) Dance is a cardiovascular, aerobic, and challenging sport. Many professional athletes, including former Pittsburgh Steeler wide receiver Lynn Swann, dance to improve their flexibility. Dance fits all the requirements of a sport, and has the physical and mental challenges of a sport, as well. V. Conclusion: a) Main Points: Just like any other sport, dance is an athletic activity that requires skill or physical prowess and is often a competitive nature. b) Ending Statement: If you are shaking your head thinking, this girls crazy, get up off your chair and try it yourself. Meanwhile, I look forward to the day I might be able to stand on that Olympic platform and receive a gold medal for the sport of dance. Sources and References 1. Professor of Kinesiology, Jill McNitt-Gray. University of South California http://www.worlddancesport. org/About/All/Fit_Through_Dance 2. Pittsburgh Steeler wide receiver Lynn Swann, By Joe Horrigan. Courtesy of the Pro Football Hall of Fame http://www. profootballresearchers. org/Coffin_Corner/23-03-895. pdf 3. The Mayo Clinic, a published medical journal. The Health Benefits of Dancing Including Specific Benefits of Different Dances. http://www. sixwise. com/newsletters/05/11/02/the_health_benefits_of_dancing__including_specific_benefits_of_different_dances. htm 4. Santa Rosa High, The Press Democrat. The great debate: is dance a sport? http://teenlife. blogs. pressdemocrat. com/11749/the-great-debate-is-dance-a-sport/.

The Wizord Of Oz Symbolizing The Gilded Age :: essays research papers

The story ( The Wonder World of OZ ) written by Frank Baum is filled with symbolism. Symbolism a style of writing using symbols and indirect suggestion to express ideas, emotions, people etc. The story gives a lot of symbols relating to the gilded age in American history which took place from 1880– 1900. The main symbols are: Dorothy, the Land of Oz, lion, Emerald City, flying monkeys. The first person the story talks about in the story is Dorothy. She’s a girl that comes form Kansas and was carried by a tornado. In the story when the reader first meet Dorothy he finds out that she is very curios, and straight forward. Dorothy in the story represents the average farmers in Kansas. On the other hand the tornado represents the change that has come up on farmers â€Å" The Industrial Age.† Therefore the story creates a comparison between Dorothy and her new challenge getting back home and the farmer’s industrialization problem and fall of crop prices. The Land of Oz was a whole new area, which acted like a whole new country. I had it’s own system. Dorothy was scared of it she didn’t know the laws and how the people acted. To me I think The Land of Oz symbolizes the Western US. That is because the Western US’s lacking of power and it has no voice, they only follow the east. The Land of Oz is closely related to the Western US due to the fact that they are only under the wizard’s rule and that the people have no voice. The munchkins organize themselves in order for them to get rid of the witch. And so did the westerners they created Alliances so they can get rid of problems much faster and much easier. The loin in the story has no courage and is seeking courage form the wizard in order for him to be the king of the jungle. He tries to scare people or even hurt them but he cant. The lion creates a direct comparison with William J. Bryant. This is because when William Bryant tried to solve the problem that was going on in the US Treasury by improving the treasury with free gold. Both the lion succeeds in protecting his forest and so does Bryant by receiving a higher rank in office, and becoming more popular. Another straight comparison is Emerald City.

Great Improvements Could Come From Mandatory Service

Mandatory military service for all 18-year-old citizens would improve patriotism and discipline within the United States. Furthermore, by mandating military service the country could virtually assure that it would no longer have issues of insufficient troops for conflicts around the world. A mandatory term of military service would also help create a sense of national identity that the United States is lacking. Mandatory military service would also probably contribute to the health of the nation. Finally, mandatory military service would delay the entry of young adults into college, perhaps reducing the number of people who begin college and immediately drop out because they are unclear about their career options. Since the end of the Vietnam conflict, the United States has had mandatory selective service registration for men, but has never instituted registration for women. One of the keys to effectively implementing this program is to make certain that it is applied equally to both sexes. Strangely, this might do more to establish equal rights than the Equal Rights Amendment or pro-women’s movement ever did. Many men seem to resent the idea that women want equal rights in the workplace, but are unwilling to demand equal responsibility for the nation’s safety.   Many men and women feel that if people are going to claim equality than they should face equal lifestyles, so the most important factor of mandatory military service would be that it be for all citizens. Another way to avoid conflict over the mandatory military service idea would be for the service to be mandatory for all citizens. There could not be National Guard exemptions or exemptions for education or any other reason. If any hint of favoritism marred the program, it would lose much of its effectiveness. Obviously, not all people would be fit for combat duty, but everyone would have to be assigned duties according to their abilities. Less physically able soldiers might be assigned to kitchen duty or translating or stateside duties, but everyone should have to serve. Perhaps, given the sheer numbers of recruits that would suddenly be available, people assigned to combat regions could be given shorter terms of service than those who for health reasons or skill reasons could not serve in a combat zone. Finally, once the particulars of the program were ironed out, mandatory military service for every 18-year-old would improve patriotism and discipline within the United States. Currently, many 18-year-olds do not have the discipline necessary to survive a semester of college without parental supervision. Many take for granted the freedoms that have been fought for and won by veterans of previous wars. By making military service mandatory, citizens would be forced to learn to appreciate the way those freedoms came to be. Generally, people appreciate something more if they have to fight to get it. And, the discipline taught in boot camp would help get many people passed the pseudo-weakness currently inherent in American society.   Because of the fear of injury, zero tolerance policies and even anti-bullying propaganda across the country, many American citizens do not have any clue how to be competitive or disciplined. In short, they have allowed to become soft. Putting them all through boot camp would make them stronger individuals and better citizens. One of the drawbacks of the all volunteer military has been the lack of recruits. Several times during the Iraq War the Pentagon has extended the tours of duty of certain soldiers because there were not sufficient replacements available to send in to take their place. With a steady stream of 18-year-olds forced to enter the military, the military could allow all soldiers to serve shorter tours in combat zones and allow the professional military to do their jobs without worrying about the number of soldiers that they have to do the job. In addition, more people might discover that they like military service as a career option. It would allow high school graduates to put aside money for college with a good-paying job, or begin training for a better career. In some ways, the military could replace vocational schools and persons seeking a career in fields traditionally learned in vocational colleges could get on the job training, saving the country on student loans and creating a new, highly trained workforce. One of the most recent factors facing the United States has been the lack of a national identity. Persons from New York often have little in common with people from southern California and there is little shared national identity.   The problem with being a melting pot is that each individual has a person heritage that is not necessarily the same as their neighbor’s. Mandatory military service might help to alleviate this problem without destroying cultural diversity. People would still have their own state or cultural identity, but an entire generation of American citizens would share the experience of military service. Strangers would at least have their military service in common, creating a bond between all citizens of the country. In addition, mandatory military service would probably improve the overall health of the nation.   Instead of a generally obese nation, the youth of the country would at least be required to get in shape long enough to pass basic training. And, if military service was mandatory and there were no exceptions, one of the drawbacks of not passing basic training the first time around could be an extension of their service. For example, if a young smoker could not give up the addiction long enough to pass the running and stamina requirements of basic training, instead of being sent home as a â€Å"wash out†, he would receive remedial training which did not count towards his service commitment. In fact, the service commitment would not begin until basic training was completed, so a person could spend years getting into shape if necessary, but would know that the cost was the delay in getting on with their lives. Finally, mandatory military service would delay the college entrance age, perhaps leading to students who are more prepared for the college experience before investing the time and money in their education. Generally, it is accepted that non-traditional students are more committed to getting their education than the average 18-year-old. If students were forced to have even a two-year mandatory military service, they would be forced to become adults before going to college. As it is, many students entering college are not ready to be on their own. A transition period between living under their parents’ roof and sudden and complete freedom might help students be more prepared for the responsibility of college. In addition, many 18-year-olds entering college for the first time have absolutely no clue what they wasn’t to do with their lives. Many flounder in their first attempt at college and because they are so unprepared for the new lifestyle. Mandatory military service might help people to reach the proper maturity level before going on to college to know what they want to do with their lives. It is likely also to help deal with some of the issues facing college campuses across the country, including alcohol use. By requiring mandatory military service, the overall median age of college students would increase and students might be less attracted to the thrill of underage drinking. It seems unlikely that mandatory military service would be adopted in the United States.   Politicians would not have the gumption to make the changes necessary to the military to make the program work, nor would they be willing to risk political suicide by considering such a thing. Opponents of the draft, including conscientious objectors who fled to other countries when the country last had mandatory military service would not be willing to force people into service. Historians would argue that the country was won by volunteer fighters and that conscription was one of the things Revolutionary War veterans were fighting against. Pacifists would argue that military service somehow contrary to the beliefs of some citizens and the politically correct crowd would try to argue that not everyone should have to serve. Mandatory military service would create the final equality that American citizens have been clamoring for and would improve the health of the nation. Boot camp would help fight the nation’s obesity problems and equal opportunity service would help fight the economic disparity growing in the United States.   The unifying factors of common service would help establish a national identity and increase the patriotism of the average American. Spoiled brat teenagers would learn to appreciate the things that they have been allowed to take for granted and college campuses would become more civil, adult places where students could study and learn instead of simply enjoying drunken parties. Colleges would be filled with students who were ready and eager to learn and military vocational training could lead to an overall improvement in the job skills of the nation. However, the plan generally goes against every belief in freedom the country was founded on and will never happen.

Audit Program Design Part Iii

Inventory and Warehousing Cycle The audit of the inventory and warehousing cycle is designed to test inventory counts, processes, and operations. The classes of transactions in this cycle include sales, value of inventory, cost of goods sold, sales returns and allowances, and estimates of allowance for slow moving inventory. Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of TransactionsTable WK6-1 displays the interrelationships of the transaction related to audit objectives, tests of controls, and substantive tests of transactions that should be approved during the audit process of Apollo Shoes, Inc. Table WK6-1. Inventory Warehousing Cycle Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions Audit Design (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006) Inventory – Apollo Shoes, Inc.Transaction-Related Audit Objectives – Tests of Controls – Substantive Tests of Transactions| Transaction-Related Audit Objective| Tests of Controls| Substantive Tests of Transactions| Inventory as r ecorded on tags exists (existence). | * Select a random sample of tag numbers and identify the tag with that number attached to the actual inventory. | * Observe whether movement of inventory takes place during the count. | Existing inventory is counted and tagged, and tags are accounted for to make sure none are missing (completeness). * Examine inventory to make sure it is tagged. | * Observe whether movement of inventory takes place during the count. * Inquire as to inventory in other locations. | Inventory is counted accurately (accuracy). | * Recount client’s counts to make sure the recorded counts are accurate on the tags (also check descriptions and unit of count, such as dozen or gross). * Compare physical counts with perpetual inventory master file. | * Record client’s counts for subsequent testing. Inventory is classified correctly on the tags (classification). |* Examine inventory descriptions on the tags and compare with the actual inventory for raw materia l, work-in-process, and finished goods. | * Evaluate whether the percent of completion recorded on the tags for work-in-process is reasonable. | Information is obtained to make sure sales and inventory purchases are recorded in the proper period (cutoff). | * Record in the audit files for subsequent follow-up the last receiving report number used at year-end. * Make sure the inventory for the above item was included in the physical count. | The client has rights to inventory recorded on tags (rights). | * Inquire about consignment or customer inventory included on client’s premises. | * Be alert for inventory that is set aside or specially marked as indications of non-ownership. | Analytical Procedures Analytical procedures can be performed several times during an engagement: * In the planning phase to assist in determining the nature, extent, and timing of work to be performed. During the testing phase of the audit in conjunction with the audit procedures, and * During the c ompletion phase of the audit as a final review for material misstatements for financial problems and to help the auditor take a final â€Å"objective look† at the financial statements that have been audited (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006, p. 208). Arens, Elder, and Beasley (2006) explain that one of the most important analytical procedures for uncovering misstatements of the Inventory and Warehousing Cycle are comparing current with prior year.Analytical procedures for the balance sheet and income statement accounts in the Inventory and Warehousing Cycle are presented in Table WK6-2. Table WK6-2. Inventory and Warehousing Cycle Analytical Procedures (Arens, Elder & Beasley, 2006) Cash Cycle The following tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for the Cash Cycle discussed by Arens, Elder, and Beasley (2006) are designed to ensure existence, completeness, accuracy, classification, timing, and summarization.Table WK6-3 illustrates the design of test of c ontrols and substantive tests of Cash Cycle. Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions Cash – Apollo Shoes, Inc. Transaction-Related Audit Objectives – Tests of Controls – Substantive Tests of Transactions| Transaction-Related Audit Objective| Tests of Controls| Substantive Tests of Transactions| Cash in the bank as stated on the reconciliation exists (existence)| * Receipt and tests of a bank confirmation. | * Proof account exists and balances are accurate. Existing cash in the bank is recorded (completeness). | * Receipt and tests of a cutoff bank statement. | * Tests of the bank reconciliation| Cash in the bank as stated on the reconciliation is accurate (accuracy). | * Tests of the bank reconciliation. * Extended tests of the bank reconciliation. | * Tests for kiting. * Proof of cash. | Cash in the bank is properly presented and disclosed (presentation and disclosure). |* Examine minutes, loan agreements, and obtain confirmation for restriction s on the use of cash and compensating balances. * Review financial statements to make sure (a) material savings accounts and certificates of deposit are disclosed separately from cash in the bank,(b) cash restricted to certain uses and compensating balances are adequately disclosed, and (c) bank overdrafts are included as current liabilities. | Cash receipts and cash disbursements transactions are recorded in the proper period (cutoff). | * Cash receipts:Count the cash on hand on the last day of the year and subsequently trace to deposits in transit and the cash receipts journal. Cash disbursements:Record the last check number used on the last day of the year and subsequently trace to the outstanding checks and the cash disbursements journal| * Trace deposits in transit to subsequent period bank statement (cutoff bank statement). * Trace outstanding checks to subsequent period bank statement. | Table WK6-3. Cash Cycle Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions Audit Des ign (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006) Analytical Procedures Analytical procedures for the balance sheet and income statement accounts in the Cash Cycle are presented in Table WK6-4.Table WK6-4 Cash Cycle Analytical Procedures (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006) References Arens, A. A. , Elder, R. J. , & Beasley, M. S. (2006). Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach (11th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Louwers, T. J. , & Reynolds, J. K. (2007). Apollo shoes, inc. : An audit case to accompany auditing and assurance services. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from University of Phoenix,  ACC546 – Auditing website.

Biography of Helen of Troy, Cause of the Trojan War

Biography of Helen of Troy, Cause of the Trojan War Helen of Troy is a character in Homers classic epic poem, the Iliad, written in the 8th century about the Trojan War, imagined by the Greeks to have occurred about 500 years earlier. Her story is one of the most dramatic love stories of all time and is said to be one of the main reasons for a 10-year war between the Greeks and Trojans, known as the Trojan War. Hers was the face that launched a thousand ships because of the vast number of warships the Greeks sailed to Troy to retrieve Helen. Fast Facts: Helen of Troy Known For: She was the most beautiful woman in the ancient Greek world, the daughter of the king of the Greek gods, and the cause of the 10-year Trojan War between Troy and Sparta.Birth: In Sparta, date unknownParents: The king of the gods, Zeus, and the wife of the Spartan king Tyndareus, Leda; or perhaps Tyndareus himself and the goddess of retribution, Nemesis, who gave Helen to Leda to raiseDied: UnknownSiblings: Clytemnestra, Castor, and PolluxSpouse(s): Theseus, Menelaus, Paris, Deiphobus, Achilles (in the afterlife), perhaps five others In the Iliad, Helens name is a battle cry, but her story is not told in detail: the Iliad is chiefly a mans story of the conflicting passions and struggles of men on opposing sides of a great battle.  The Trojan War was central to the early history of ancient Greece. Details of Helens story are provided in a group of poems known as the epic cycle or the Trojan War Cycle, written in the centuries after Homer. The poems known as the Trojan War Cycle were the culmination of many myths about the ancient Greek warriors and heroes who fought and died ​at Troy. While none of them have survived to this day, they were summarized in the second century CE by the Latin grammarian Proclus and in the ninth century CE by the Byzantine historian Photius. Early Life The Trojan War Cycle is based on a story from the legendary period of ancient Greece, a time when it was common to trace lineage to the gods. Helen is said to have been a daughter of the king of the gods, Zeus. Her mother was generally considered to have been Leda, the mortal wife of the king of Sparta, Tyndareus, but in some versions, the goddess of divine retribution  Nemesis, in bird form, is named as Helens mother, and the Helen-egg was then given to Leda to raise. Clytemnestra was the sister of Helen, but her father wasnt Zeus, but rather Tyndareus. Helen had two (twin) brothers, Castor and Pollux (Polydeuces). Pollux shared a father with Helen and Castor with Clytemnestra. There were various stories about this helpful pair of brothers, including one about how they saved the Romans at the Battle of Regillus.​ Helens Husbands   The legendary beauty of  Helen  attracted men from afar and also those close to home who saw her as a means to the  Spartan  throne. The first likely mate of Helen was Theseus, the hero of Athens who kidnapped Helen when she was still young. Later Menelaus, brother of the Mycenaean King Agamemnon, married Helen.  Agamemnon  and  Menelaus  were sons of King Atreus of Mycenae and were therefore referred to as  Atrides. Agamemnon married the sister of Helen, Clytemnestra, and became king of Mycenae after expelling his uncle. In this way, Menelaus and Agamemnon were not only brothers but brothers-in-law, just as Helen and Clytemnestra were sisters-in-law. Of course, the most famous mate of Helen was Paris of Troy, but he wasnt the last one. After  Paris  was killed, his brother  Deiphobus  married Helen.  Laurie Macguire, writing in  Helen of Troy From Homer to Hollywood, lists the following 11 men as husbands of Helen in ancient literature, proceeding from the canonical list in chronological order, to the 5 exceptional ones: TheseusMenelausParisDeiphobusHelenus (ousted by Deiphobus)Achilles (Afterlife)Enarsphorus (Plutarch)Idas (Plutarch)Lynceus (Plutarch)Corythus (Parthenius)Theoclymenus (attempt, thwarted, in Euripides) Paris and Helen Paris (also known as Alexander or Alexandros) was the son of King  Priam  of Troy and his queen,  Hecuba, but he was rejected at birth and raised as a shepherd on Mount Ida. While Paris was living the life of a shepherd, the  three goddesses,  Hera,  Aphrodite, and  Athena, appeared and asked him to award the fairest of them the golden apple that  Discord  had promised one of them. Each goddess offered Paris a bribe, but the bribe offered by Aphrodite appealed to Paris most, so Paris awarded the apple to Aphrodite. It was a beauty contest, so it was appropriate that  the goddess of love and  beauty, Aphrodite, had offered Paris the most beautiful woman on earth for his bride. That woman was Helen. Unfortunately, Helen was taken. She was the bride of the Spartan king Menelaus. Whether or not there was love between Menelaus and Helen is unclear. In the end, they may have been reconciled, but meanwhile, when Paris came to the court of Menelaus as a guest, he may have aroused unaccustomed desire in Helen, since in the Iliad, Helen takes some responsibility for her abduction. Menelaus received and extended hospitality to Paris. Then, when Menelaus discovered that Paris had taken off for Troy with Helen and other prized possessions Helen may have considered part of her dowry, he was enraged at this violation of the laws of hospitality. Paris offered to return the stolen possessions, even though he was unwilling to return Helen, but Menelaus wanted Helen, too. Agamemnon Marshals the Troops Before Menelaus won out in the bid for Helen, all the leading princes and unmarried kings of Greece had sought to marry Helen. Before Menelaus married Helen, Helens earthly father Tyndareus extracted an oath from these, the Achaean leaders, that should anyone try to kidnap Helen again, they would all bring their troops to win back Helen for her rightful husband. When Paris took Helen to Troy, Agamemnon gathered together these Achaean leaders and made them honor their promise. That was the beginning of the Trojan War. Updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources Austin, Norman. Helen of Troy and Her Shameless Phantom. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008.Macguire, Laurie. Helen of Troy from Homer to Hollywood. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.Scherer, Margaret R. Helen of Troy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 25.10 (1967): 367-83.

Greek and Roman Mythology Depicted in Daily Life

Greek and Roman Mythology Depicted in Daily Life Did you know youre already familiar with some of the main gods and goddesses from Greek mythology and some of the main mythical creatures, as well? [See if you can guess who the gods represented by letters are before checking the bottom of this article for answers.] You probably dont need to know Greek mythology. I mean, its not very likely that youll be in a life or death situation where youll have to veer your spaceship away from the Titan (a) and King of the Gods (b) planets and back towards the Love (c), War (d), and Messenger (e) deities in order to find your way back to Earth. Nor will it make very much difference if you fail to recognize the mythological figures behind the name of your car (Saturn or Mercury). However, Greco-Roman mythology is pervasive in Western culture and you probably already know a lot about it: The love goddess Venus, whose name is synonymous with beauty, is featured in song and art. Her name was lent to what used to be called social disease. Adonis, one of her lovers, is synonymous with male beauty. The narcissus flower was originally a vain young man. The laurel was a young nymph who preferred to be turned into a tree to the embraces of Apollo. The space mission Apollo is named after the god of music and prophecy. There is a petroleum company whose logo is the winged horse Pegasus. An automobile muffler company is named for the original man with the golden touch (f). A moving company is named for the Titan who was punished by having to carry the weight of the world on his shoulder (g). One brand of running shoes was named after the goddess of victory (h). A sink cleanser was named for a second-best Greek hero in the Trojan War (i) after Achilles had died. The number one hero gave his name to the word for a long, difficult trip or odyssey. Odysseus also devised the origina l gift that gave us the expression beware of Greeks bearing gifts (Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes). A chocolate candy company is named for the Roman god of war (d). Cereal is named for the Roman goddess of grain (j). The panic button is named for a son of Hermes (k). The list goes on and on. It may not make an appreciable difference to your quality of life, but knowing something about Roman and Greek mythology will give you insight into our cultural heritage, an understanding of the naming of space and exploration missions, and it may help you solve a crossword or two. Mythmans Mythological Influence on Modern Society Etymological Dictionary Classical Cliches Mythological References: (a)Saturn (b)Jupiter (c)Venus) (d)Mars (e)Mercury (f)Midas (g)Atlas (h)Nike (i)Ajax (j)Ceres (k)Pan Famous People BiographiesAncient / Classical History GlossaryMapsLatin Quotations and TranslationsPrimary Texts /Literature and Translations

Accounting Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting Information System - Essay Example The company is in the process of determining the advantages and drawbacks of automatic feeding of data by the use of the GL software. Data extraction- this is the act of mining raw data from the accounting information system in use by the company. The question is whether the data can sustain numerous needs of the company and the accuracy of the data. Data analysis- after data has been extracted from the system, the company has to enter into the analysis stage where the details of the customers are identified to determine how they could be applied to increase the sales volume of the company. Taking Orders- customers who demand the company’s products were to make order manually, either via telephone or online ordering. This means that the activity of ordering had to be undertaken by the company staff that had to capture the requirements of the customers. Processing orders- after taking the orders, the customer service personnel of top burger had to process the customer orders to ensure that the customers received exactly what they required at the nearest stores. Delivery- burger undertook the activity of delivering their goods to the customers at their doorsteps as a way of gaining competitive edge against their competitors and as a means of increasing their sales volume. Preparation of daily sales- restaurant managers were charged with the obligation of preparing daily sales summaries that were to be electronically submitted to the company administrators the next day. The activity assists in determining the level of sales of the company. System management activities- these are the activities, which involve the maintenance of the IT system to ensure it, worked effectively and smoothly. It also ensured customer integration in the transaction processing system. Promotion activities- promotion is one of the strategies that businesses use in marketing their products to the target market. To achieve this, top burger promoted amateur athletics and other communit y groups to win the loyalty of the community. Question 2 I think that Top Burger business strategy drives the development of its information system. Top burger has the growth strategy that entails increasing their customer base and their lines of products. Growth strategy also involves the improvement of their number of processes. This can be justified as follows: Bob is worried on whether the increasing number of orders could be sustained by the company current systems. This means that the developments in the system is compelled by the increased number of customers i.e. the high activity during peak season require enhancement of information system. The growth in the number of sales propelled the acquisition of new equipment. Bob argued that a new machine would make automatic feeding of data possible and this would increase the pace and quality of service delivery. The multiple activities also made the management review the ability of the information system to facilitate the diverse needs (Roman, 2008). The growth in the number of activities therefore called on the need to develop IT infrastructure. A look at the companies timeline also shows that it was because of the growth record that the company decided to begin making online ordering through the internet in 2003. The first prototype was also opened as the growth continued. Moreover, Bob’s worry is on the ability of the IT system in supporting the business strategy. He is concerned with the limitation of the current system to provide sufficient internal controls, improvements because of the integration and the use of software in supporting

Training Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Training Memo - Essay Example assets and labor are more mobile inside a state than across states. On the other hand, in the latter, the product or service is sold or exported overseas markets. The concept of intellectual property has a significant impact on international trade. Companies spend millions of dollars for establishing brand names or trademarks to mark the specific quality for their products or services, and to obtain benefits over their competitors through the international business. Licensing Agreements and Intellectual Property Rights: Intellectual property can be described as an invention that one derives by mental power, especially a thought, creation, trade secret, procedure, data, method, patent, or brand name and other innovative creations. A licensing agreement is a contractual right that confers on a person the privilege to assist in the management, administration and guarding of intellectual property (IP). Intellectual property right is the exclusive right over the possessions of the creatio n by the creator. There is always a necessity to value the IP in various circumstances like for the period of negotiating the license arrangements so as to establish royalty rates, damage rates and financial statements.

Case study biomedical science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study biomedical science - Essay Example Lower hemoglobin is generally observed due to reduction of RBC in blood stream. In bone morrow most of the hematopoietic cells are converted to plasma cells or the overall cellular growth diverted toward generation of plasma cell and reduction in other types of blood cells like RBC and WBC. Bone pain is another primary symptom of multiple myeloma since it occurs due to heavy infiltration of malignant plasma cell in to bone morrow. Infiltration of malignant plasma cells leads to excessive release of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF which helps in formation of osteoclast formation (responsible of bone resorption). Excessive bone resorption leads to mineralization of bone matrix and one can observe elevated level of calcium in blood stream. For the confirmation of the above said condition, total calcium was analyzed form blood stream and it was found to be very high clearly indicates the condition. To avoid any confusion regarding observed symptoms and liver related disorders, enzyme detection pertaining to liver specific test was carried out like alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase was found to be normal. Similarly kidney specific test were carried out to detect any malfunctioning of kidney and elevated level of urea was determined along with elevated protein in serum. This obs ervation clearly indicates impaired renal functioning, another sign of multiple myeloma.Total protein estimation from blood was considered to be key test for establishment of multiple myeloma in light of above mention tests. Here total protein in blood was found to be elevated along with reduction in total albumin which indirectly tells increase in globulin protein in blood. Sixty percent of total protein found in blood is of albumin while rest is globulin and other proteins. The major function of albumin is to provide osmotic regulation and viscosity to blood and produced by liver while globulin has 4 fractions alpha1, 2, beta and gamma globulin, having key role as defense against infection. Increase in globulin and particularly gamma globulin indicates excessive plasma cell growth or infection. To confirm elevation of gamma globulin electrophoresis was used where one can differentiate different types of globulin and based on band intensity one can calculate relative abundance. Pro tein electrophoresis is routine analytical technique to differentiate and identify proteins. Its work on principle of protein migration in Poly acrylamide gel under influence of potential difference provided across the gel. Protein molecules migrate in to gel based on Molecular weight, Higher the molecular weight lower the migration (distance travel by protein form positive electrode to nagative electrode) and vice versa. The electrophoresis results clearly indicate elevation of gamma globulin and hence antibody producing cells. It was also observed that patient have recurrent infection and microbiological analysis shows infection of diplococci. In multiple myeloma recurrent infection is common as only particular group of plasma cell proliferate which reduced the diversity of antibody producing cells and hence reducing overall Immunity. For visual confirmation bone marrow smear was analyzed for investigating population of plasma cell and was found to be corroborate with previous obs ervation. There was around

Athena in the Odyssey vs. Virgil in the Inferno Essay Example for Free

Athena in the Odyssey vs. Virgil in the Inferno Essay Two of the greatest works ever written, The Odyssey by Homer and The Inferno by Dante, are detailed, multi-sectioned poems about the journey’s of two men. In each story, the main character is given some sort of guidance by another character in order to aid them in their travels. In The Odyssey, Athena is portrayed as the protector to Odysseus on his journey back home from the Trojan War to his family in Ithaca. In The Inferno, Virgil is requested to lead Dante through the depths of Hell in order to save his soul. Many similarities can be seen between the two characters as they both served as advice givers, protectors, and guides for the main character. While the two guides seem very alike in the way’s they help, it turns out that many differences can be observed between their ways. Athena and Virgil can both be perceived as escorts in the main characters’ journey, but they both are leading their pupils towards different endings and these endings can be representative of a much larger purpose that describes the two authors’ views on life at the time each poem was written. In Greek mythology, Athena is regarded as the goddess of Wisdom. She uses her wisdom to aid Odysseus on his journey back home to his family, through various trials and tribulations. Athena’s guidance can be seen when Odysseus is finally being allowed to leave Calypso’s island, which outraged Poseidon. Poseidon sends a great wave to wreck Odysseus’s ship and possibly drown him in the vast ocean but instead Athena helps him survive. â€Å"But Zeus’s daughter Athena countered him at once./ The rest of the winds she stopped right in their tracks,/commanding them all to hush now, go to sleep./ All but the boisterous North-she whipped him up/ and the goddess beat the breakers flat before Odysseus,/ dear to Zeus, so he could reach the Phaeacians,/ mingle with men who love their long oars/ and escape his death at last.† (Ody. 5. 421-427). Another example of Athena protecting Odysseus is during the great battle in the hall when Odysseus finally confronts his wife’s suitors. Athena appears to Odysseus in the form of Mentor and tries to motivate Odysseus to kill all the suitors off with threats and accusations. She even commands the suitors to through their spears at Odysseus all at once. â€Å"At his command,/ concentrating their shots, all six hurled as one/ but Athena sent to whole salvo wide of the mark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ody. 22. 267-269). Odysseus sees that all of his men are untouched by the suitor’s spears, and this action propels him to take charge and lead an attack on the suitors. Each time Athena guides or protects Odysseus, it’s in order to save his life. She desperately wants Odysseus to get home because Odysseus is a war hero and a King, very much deserving of a safe return home. Athena thinks very highly of Odysseus because he is such a great warrior and she feels he exemplifies the virtue of excellence. It’s easy to see how the ideals of society on life and death in Homer’s 7th Century BC times are portrayed through Athena’s help. The people of this time were most concerned on how you lived your life during the time you had. For them there was no glorious afterlife, so there was no need to try and save your soul to reap the prize of a great time after death. Homer uses Athena as Odysseus’s guide to get back home and live out the rest of his life the way he pleases. He’s spent his time as a warrior and won his most important battles before the beginning of the poem, so now he deserves to live out the rest of his l ife in peace with those he loves the most. Once he arrives home and fights off his wife’s suitors (with the help of Athena of course) he will finally be free in a sense to enjoy his life. In Dante’s The Inferno, Virgil serves as a guide for Dante through the depths of Hell. Virgil is widely considered an allegory for human reason. Reason is needed in a Christian worldview in order to control emotion and desire from taking control allowing for acts of sin. Reason is God’s gift to mankind, a way of staying on the right path and avoiding the dark side of life, if it is used properly. Virgil was requested to help a lost Dante save his soul by Dante’s departed love, Beatrice, who represents God’s grace. Virgil leads Dante through Hell in order for him to learn the descriptions of sins and their consequences. Virgil is with Dante through out his entire journey, unlike Athena who only appears to Odysseus in The Odyssey every once in a while. One example of how Virgil is always there to lead Dante is when Dante faints before entering the First Circle of Hell. Dante faints at the shine of a bright light and awakens already in the next circle. â€Å"With rested eyes, I stood/ and looked about me, then fixed my gaze/ to make out where I was./ I found myself upon the brink/ of an abyss of suffering/ filled with the roar of endless woe.† (Inf. 4. 4-9). This type of situation occurs many times throughout the poem, as Dante proves many times too weak to carry on, and Virgil takes care of him, protects him, and moves them along on their journey. Another situation is when Dante and Virgil arrive at the center of Circle 9 of Hell. They come to the great body of Lucifer, and Virgil throws Dante on his back to continue their upward climb out of Hell. â€Å"At his request I clasped him round the neck./ When the wings had opened wide enough/ he chose the proper time and place/ and took a handhold on those hairy flanks./ Then from hank to hank he clambered down between the thick pelt and the crusted ice.† (Inf. 34. 70-75). While Virgil leads Dante physically in many ways, he also serves as a voice of reason and leads through his words. An example of this is back as they are entering the First Circle. Dante says, â€Å"My master (Virgil) began: ‘You do not ask about/ the souls you see? I want you to know,/ before you venture farther,/ ‘they did not sin. Though they have merit,/ that is not enough, for they were unbaptized,/ denied the gateway to the faith that you profess./ ‘And if they lived before the Christians lived,/ they did not worship God aright./ And among these I am one.† (Inf. 4. 31-39). In this situation, Virgil not only instructs Dante on what he needs to do, but also reveals a little more information about himself as well. Although Virgil seems to guide Dante in almost the exact same way Athena guides Odysseus, Virgil is working towards an all-together different purpose. In Dante’s 14th century AD Christian society, it was imperative to ensure that you lived a good life on earth and repented for all your sins so that you would be in God’s presence in the after-life. Dante uses Virgil as a way for his audience to see that the most important thing is to save one’s soul, even if a little guidance is required to do so. Dante needed to travel through the depths of Hell to be able to wake up and realize how reason should control emotions and desires so that life can be lived in God’s name allowing for a magnificent afterlife. By showing Dante the different circles of Hell, Dante learns the nature of sin and it’s consequences. Virgil teaches Dante a most important lesson; when reason is not in control, it is more likely to commit harsh sins, sins worthy of an afterlife in Hell and not in God’s good grace. Virgil steers Dante toward the light of God once again, saving him from his impending doom, had he not been able to save his wandering soul. Athena and Virgil are considered to be a form of guidance to their poem’s main characters. In Homer’s The Odyssey, Athena helps to ensure Odysseus’s safe return home, but also allows him to live out the rest of his wonderful life on earth by saving him from various dangers including Poseidon and his wife’s suitors. In Dante’s The Inferno, Virgil serves as Dante’s escort through the circles of Hell, but also pilots Dante back into God’s grace by saving his soul. Each can be seen as not only a physical chaperon but also a spiritual one that illustrates society’s point of view on life or afterlife at the time each poem was written. Works Cited Alighieri, Dante. Inferno. Trans. Robert Hollander and Jean Hollander. New York: Anchor, 2002. Print. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 1997. Print.

Fall of the House of Usher Essay -- Literary Analysis, Poe, Gilman

What do our two characters have in common but the simple fact that they are loosing their minds. In the â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher† Poe tells the story of an individual deeply plagued by a dieing sister and a long line of family mishaps. He is a prisoner within his own mind, with no possibility of escape. As with â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Gilman tells of a woman deeply plagued by her own mind. She is drawn into a reality of her own where she is the only one that can free herself. In being prisoners these two main characters share a common theme and a sense of symbolism in the way that they live and go about each day. The story lines though very different, each tell a unique story of impressments and the deaths of ones own mind. Imprisonment within ones self can be a terrible tragedy. Roderick in the â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher† is a prisoner within his own mind. He is trapped in the house because he feels as though that is the only place he belongs. In a dialog between the narrator and Roderick we see the proof in this, â€Å"To an anomalous species of terror I found him a bound slave. â€Å"I shall perish,† said he, â€Å"I must perish in this deplorable folly. Thus, thus, and not otherwise, shall I be lost. I dread the events of the future, not in themselves, but in their results. I shudder at the thought of any, even the most trivial, incident, which may operate upon this intolerable agitation of soul†Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 235). As with the narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, we see that she is a prisoner within her mind as well. A small dialog between the narrator and her husband John tells us of her belief in this very thought, â€Å"John is so pleased to see me improve! He laughed a lit... ...racter is vastly different yet they both share the similar notion of imprisonment within themselves. Roderick fights battles within his brain as to whether his actions were right, and will the resurrection of his sister actually take place. Will she be a dead, but living ghost of who she was? And would she come after him? Yes and yes as you could see, she did come back and she did come after Roderick. As for the old woman, she was a steadfast woman strong and sure of everything and it was the yellow wallpaper that finally drove her to her insanity. Both start sane and end insane. Yet each has a completely different way of going about it. Both Roderick and the old lady battle with their own demons inside their heads by the end of their own stories. Each a different battle yet in the end, Insanity is but a common factor.

Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

Introduction From the beginning of the 1988 a conflict lasts between the South Caucasian nations of Azerbaijan and Armenia over the ownership area of Nagorno-Karabakh. The conflict has resulted in a considerable crisis especially in Azerbaijan, with the number of dislocated refugees close to approximately one million. As a result of the war over the NK region with Armenia, Azerbaijan has lost the entire NK region and 7 more surrounding districts of Lachin, Kelbajar, Agdam, Gabrail, Fizuli, Khubadly and Zangilan to Armenia. So Azerbaijan’s territories are occupied and lost fourteen percent of the territory. The conflict is considered as an internal conflict by the major powers and international organizations. As known, from the beginning of 1988 the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh had an intra-state dimension which means the struggle for independence of Nagorno-Karabakh where are populated Armenian population. But since the beginning of 1922 the conflict possesses an inter-state dimension between two sovereign states: Azerbaijan and Armenia. So the conflict has become one of the most intractable disputes in the international arena and it is also the conflict of the region which has the largest geopolitical significance. So Azerbaijan and Armenia, as the two former Soviet Republics fought over the NK region from 1987 to 1994 in the forms of first communal clashes. Despite the fact that both states agreed on a cease-fire on the conflict in May 1994, the outcomes of the war are political turmoil, territorial losses and mass displacements. Though two sides recognized and ceased-fire armed force, but nevertheless conflict or confrontations existing in the form of diplomatic relations and by other ties relations. Problem and Significance The problem of this conflict lies under the disagreement of belligerents: Armenia and Azerbaijan. Especially, on the side of Armenian which occupied over the enclave land and doesn’t want recognize any resolution are contested and suggested by organizations. Here, one of the problems is influence of external powers which can support its side and made financial and military aid. Also here another problem is the refugees’ problem from both sides to the conflict and their integration into society. To this day, discussion of the problem of refugees has focused exclusively on Azeris from Karabakh or Armenia, with no serious mention of Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan. A comprehensive and fair solution to the refugee problem, consistent with the most basic international human rights standards, will treat all individuals that qualify as refugees independent of their national identity or current location of residence. But in case of significance, the main issue is the security issue which is so fragile. Because Caucasus states are located nearby Europe, Central Asia, Russia and Islamic states in which there are sufficient problems. It is so fragile because the conflict can effect to the neighbor states. This long-lasting problem must be provided by international organizations which peace-making process is going now and for future keeping safeness or security to the neighbors and for their sovereignty status. And this status must be resolve or guaranteed. Literature Review. The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) region of Azerbaijan, which in its modern form has continued for 20 years, is a complicated case study of multi-vector and multi-layered claims, mostly from the Soviet times, ranging from history, economy, and legal status, used to justify the military occupation (along with seven adjacent regions). The article illustrates that some of the weaker claims were dropped altogether, whilst others were continually mixed with additional charges to make them â€Å"stick†. Despite solid legal, historic and moral grounds, Azerbaijan has been lagging in clarifying and explaining the fictitious charges of NK’s supposed transfer to Azerbaijan’s suzerainty in 1920s, the legal status of NK itself, its economic and financial well-being, and the impossibility to apply the 3 April 1990 Soviet Law on Succession to the NK case whether for the purposes of justifying its independence or attachment to Armenia. Despite all the challenges and blame shared by all sides, NK and adjacent currently occupied territories are recognized as part of Azerbaijan, with the latter retaining all rights, including military, to return it under its full sovereignty. So, there are many scholars that wrote articles about Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. I want to mention some famous scholars’ articles. Philip Gamaghelyan wrote article about â€Å"Intractability of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: A myth or a reality? He provides a stakeholder analysis and examines political, economic, security and socio-cultural dynamics of the conflict. Distinguishing between the positions and the interests of the main actors, the paper evaluates the peace process, reveals the factors accounting for its continuing failure and develops recommendations on how the conflict can be resolved. This article is intended to call in question the myth of the intractability of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Philip Gamaghelyan: â€Å"The ‘intractability’ of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is not attributable to the lack of vitality of a particular solution†. He also argues that any agreement that establishes a definite solution would require some concessions would dissatisfy one or both parties and would produce powerful ‘spoilers’ that could sabotage the peace process. Therefore it is necessary not to look for a fast solution, but to develop a long-term strategy of addressing underlying issues of the conflict such as mutual perceptions, security issues and democracy. In our opinion, the ‘intractability’ of the conflict in this article largely originates from the desire of parties to have a sense of the final status of the region, before addressing the underlying problems. I suggest that if this approach is reversed, all other issues are resolved, and an acceptable level of stability and cooperation in the region is achieved, the final status of Nagorno-Karabakh will become less significant, which will make it easier for parties to come to a compromise. Next article â€Å"Democratization as the key to Nagorno-Karabakh conflict resolution† was written by Tigran Mkrtchyan. Tigran Mkrtchyan: â€Å"Theoretically the risks of war or re-emergence of war are reduced by democratization and exacerbated by reversals in the democratization process, but rapid democratization which was the case after the collapse of the Soviet Union may bring weak regimes unable to establish effective control and political order† He mention these questions in his article â€Å"What can democratization give? Can it reach the peace? †. And also he mention â€Å"Political change or democratization can take many different forms and need not proceed in a unidirectional or linear fashion. The significance is that there be steady movement towards democracy in a given state. Changes toward autocracy and reversals of democratization are accompanied by increased risks of war involvement. Reversals are riskier than progress†. At issue therefore is not the rapidity of change toward democracy but the linearity of the process. Also the elections are indeed the first test of democratization, but by fair and transparent elections only one does not build a democratic society. So the ‘dangerous democratization hypothesis’ has suggested that emergent democracies may be quite prone to international violence, largely because of â€Å"deformed† institutional forces. The conflict is an obstacle to democratization, the solution of the war in the long run also rests with democratization. Democratization or â€Å"mature democracies† do not wage wars against each other. The democratization tendencies in the Soviet Union made many ethnic-nationalist conflicts within its space because the democratization was incomplete and political institutions weak. So, he think in order to have complete democratization they need to consolidate their internal institutions and elect or choose a good leader. Last article that I want to mention is â€Å"Nagorno-Karabakh: basis and reality of Soviet-era legal and economic claims used to justify the Armenia-Azerbaijan war† written by Adil Baguirov. In his article he maintain that regarding the early claims that the economy of NK region was supposedly deliberately neglected by Soviet Azerbaijani authorities, to both â€Å"punish† and â€Å"root out† Armenians, and this, allegedly, left no choice than for Armenian separatism and military action. Ironically, this argument did not stand the test of time and has been disproved by the fact, that the economic situation of the remaining Armenians in the occupied territories today is hardly better than it was before the war. This is not only the consensus of foreign journalists visiting the occupied territories, but also of the OSCE fact-finding mission in February 2005 – he argues such like this in his article. Hypothesis. Russian’s support to Armenia led to occupation 20% of territories of Azerbaijan. Hence we understand that Russia totally support Armenian Governments and it is a one of the cause unresolved long – lasting conflict. Russia behind of this conflict as known obviously wants to keep influence to Caucasus states especially to Armenia, despite of other major powers in international arena. Subjects of study. In our work we are studying – Russian role in the conflict and its support for Armenia, consequences of the war, possible ways of resolving. To find out the ways of resolving and to determine the right side we also use UN Charter and International Law. Exactly we will look at the International Laws branches – sovereignty of the state, self-defense right and self-determination right. Measurement. As â€Å"Russian support† we mean military, economic and political support of Russia to Armenia and its pressure for the Azerbaijan government. Another term is â€Å"Self-determination right† – means right for determining of their future, political system, sovereignty and etc by groups, nations, and autonomies. â€Å"Self-defense right† – the right for declaring a war for the other state in situation when it attacked first or preparing to attack. References: †¢ Philip Gamaghelyan: â€Å"Intractability of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: a myth or reality? † †¢ Shahen Avakian: â€Å"Nagono-Karabakh, Legal Aspects†. †¢ www. flashpoints. info Nagorno-Karabakh: Azebaijani and Armenian perspectives. †¢ Tigran Mkrtchyan: â€Å"Democratization as the key to Nagorno-Karabakh conflict resolution† †¢ www. wikipedia. org Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict †¢ Nora Dudwick, â€Å"Armenia: Paradise Regained or Lost? † in Ian Bremmer & Ray Taras (Ed. ), New States, New Politics: Building the Post-Soviet Nations, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 84; †¢ George Joffe, â€Å"Nationalities and Borders in Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus,† in John F. R. Wright, Suzanne Goldenberg and Richard Schofield (Ed. ), Transcaucasian Boundaries, (London: UCL Press, 1996), p. 25 †¢ Adil Baguirov: â€Å"Nagorno-Karabakh: basis and reality of Soviet-era legal and economic cl aims used to justify the Armenia-Azerbaijan war† †¢ Turkish Weekly Journal:† Nagorno-Karabakh Problem: Claims, Counter Claims and Impasse† by Guner Ozkan

Star dust relationships

Captain Shakespeare mentor of youth In the movie Stardust, a movie about a boy becoming a man though a Journey for love, relationships play a key role in the plot. Temptation sent the main character Tristan on a Journey that will change the course of his life. Tristan eventually finds the fallen star and the relationship between Yvaine and Tristan has begun. Tristan and Yvaine learn many things along their Journey especially while meeting Captain Shakespeare.The things they learn from Captain Shakespeare are that, there are ifetimes to build seconds to destroy, Tristan becomes a man and they both learn that true love is right in front of them. Tristan's lust towards Victoria has sent him on a Journey to find the fallen star, which has fallen on the other side of the wall, a place where people from England are not to cross. When Tristan finds the star, Yvaine, he takes her on the Journey back to the wall. Eventually after a period of time they end up in the clouds where they are picke d up by the terrifying captain Shakespeare.Captain Shakespeare is a man iding something else, something that he wouldn't show someone he doesn't trust, hiding the fact that he has a very soft side. He devised a way to get Tristan and Yvaine to the wall. During that time he shows Tristan how to fght and Yvaine to waltz, the whole time trying to hide this soft side he has, even though he is overflowing with joy. He reveals to Yvaine about the known fact that she is a star since she has been glowing brighter every day and he thinks he knows exactly why. This mentor to pupil relationship is one that relates to many different things, such as the kids learning rom their parents.The second thing these two learn from Captain Shakespeare is that there are lifetimes to build and seconds to destroy. This means what it sounds like, one has a whole lifetime to build a reputation for them, while yet there are seconds to destroy. Captain Shakespeare is a fine representation of this for he himself has a very large, and inaccurate, reputation to proceed. Being the captain of the Sky vessel and son of the legendary Captain Ghostmaker, he is known as a blood thirsty killer who is tough as nails.He chose his name Shakespeare because of the English poet and playwright, but his crew sees it as â€Å"shake spear†, or shaking a spear. Under his tough exterior captain Shakespeare could be called a â€Å"softy', he likes to dress up as a woman sometimes to express his true feelings. He will later be caught in the action by Prince Septimus, one of the 2 remaining princes attempting to track down Yvaine, the fallen star. Captain Shakespeare's crew, after chasing Septimus off the vessel, sees him dressed up as a woman with makeup on and says that they all knew he was whoopsie.They wouldn't have viewed as anything different then as their captain no matter how he was, which also shows that reputation isn't exactly everything. The last thing that Captain Shakespeare teaches Tristan i s that love is right in front of him. Tristan originally went to find the star for the girl of his dreams Victoria, she gives him a week to find the star and bring it back to her or she will marry Humphrey. Victoria wants to â€Å"bought† for her love and when Yvaine asks Tristan to tell ner some more about Victoria Tristan nas no more to say about her.He never ully realizes what he has in front of him until he meets Captain Shakespeare. Shakespeare has seen Tristan and Yvaine grow to be different from the people that arrived on the vessel at the beginning of their Journey. Tristan now has long hair, a sword and the skills to go with the sword. Yvaine is no longer in a bathrobe and has learned to waltz. The two have changed into bigger and better people. During the time in which Yvaine and captain Shakespeare are dancing Tristan takes Yvaine away from Shakespeare and dances with her, as they dance she begins to glow as she miles and laughs at things Tristan says and does.This makes captain Shakespeare smile. Before the two leave captain Shakespeare gives Tristan a thing of lightening and a whisper, in which he said that Tristan's true love is really right in front of him obviously what he was saying, is that Yvaine is his true love. This in turn, turns out to be true for Tristan and Yvaine become married and Tristan becomes king. Captain Shakespeare teaches Tristan 3 main things that love can sometimes be right in front of you, that there is a lifetime to build and seconds to destroy, and shows and eaches Tristan how to become a man.Tristan and Yvaine become married and Tristan learns who his mother really is. In Tristan becoming a man he goes to Victoria and instead of throwing the rock at his window, a childlike thing to do, he knocks on her door to tell her that he doesn't want be and she needs to grow up. Then as he is leaving stands up to Humphrey and proves even more that he has grown into something more. This is how Tristan and Yvaine grow into d ifferent people through the wonderful shaping hands of Captain Shakespeare.